Nemeskér
Nemeskér is situated at the bottom of the Alps, 30 km from Sopron, 30 km from Kőszeg and 37 km from Szombathely.
The first written mention of the settlement dates back to 1237. The settlement covers an area of 6,42 km2 and has 212 inhabitants.
Route planning
It owes its origin to one of the 9 Hungarian tribes, the Kér clan. The village of Nemeskér was first mentioned in written sources in 1237 as Quer. In 1264 it appears as Keer. In the 1380s it is referred to as Pusztakér. In the Middle Ages, several landowners, including the Kéri and later the Osl families, acquired land here. Through the latter, the monks of the Order of St. Augustine become the owners of the village and its dwellings. Later, in the midst of the Kanizsay and later the Nádasdy estates, the life of the village, which was located in the centre of the estate, Sárvár, was determined by the lords of the village, who had small estates in the village. The Turkish occupation caused the total destruction of the village between 1529 and 1532. From the 16th and 17th centuries Nemeskér was a small noble village. At the time of the Reformation, the village also became evangelical, but did not become a parish in its own right. In 1596 the village has its own preacher. From 1643 Ferenc Nádasdy becomes a Catholic. Evangelical Bishop Gergely Musay flees here and works here until 1664. From 1651 to 1786 Nemeskér was the seat of Sopron County. It was declared an articular place by the Diet of 1681, which meant freedom of worship for the Evangelicals. Soon afterwards, the church where the Evangelicals attended was taken away by the lords of the duchy, but in 1732 permission was granted to build a new church. In 1796, a statue of St John Nepomuk was erected near the gate of the outbuilding leading to the duchy hall, as the patron saint of bridges and entrances. By a decree of toleration of Joseph II, all denominations were given freedom of worship, thus ending the days of the Articularist movement. The duchy also moved back to Sopron. The Napoleonic wars affected the town. The French armies occupied Sopron for half a year. During this period, the villages provided the troops with food and shelter. During this time, many families of German origin and descent immigrated to the village. These families were engaged in a wide variety of crafts in the settlement. There were furriers, milliners, carpenters from the Burgenland, and bootmaking was also widespread. The village boundaries were small, and agriculture was the only way to make a living. The 1848 period demanded a huge sacrifice from the village. There were terrible epidemics that took people away en masse. The Croatian soldiers on the Austrian side of the border once robbed the Lutheran church during the raids. A new Lutheran school was built in 1856 and a new Catholic school in 1905. Pál Nemeskéri Kiss and later József Inkey were the last landlords. In 1862 a tower was built to the Lutheran church. In the age of capitalism, the former noble village gradually became a village of small-scale industrialists, with peasant farms mainly devoted to animal husbandry. In 1930 there were 42 industries in the village inhabited by 620 people.
After the Second World War, the fate of the small villages could not be avoided: zoning. It formed a joint council with Lövő, and after the change of regime Nemeskér became an independent municipality. After the turn of the millennium, it formed a district council with Lövő and Völcsej, due to the economic situation, which forced it to rationalise. The Council of Representatives wants to remedy the infrastructural deficiencies in order to increase the population retention of the village. This has solved the problem of the piped gas supply, which is provided by ÉGÁZ Rt. Unfortunately, the construction of the sewerage system was delayed due to financial constraints. This is planned to be solved in the near future.
The Evangelical Church of Nemeskér
The building is unique not only because of its interior decoration, which is unique in Hungarian wooden architecture, but also because it is a document of the period of religious persecution and a good opportunity to learn more about the years of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation.
The Catholic inhabitants of Nemeskér converted to Lutheranism very early on, around 1535, following the beliefs of their landlord, Thomas Nádasdy. They did not change churches, as the entire population of the settlement had converted to the new faith, so they continued to use the former Catholic church (chapel) dedicated to St. Michael, built around 1500. Nemeskér became of national importance after a decade of religious persecution, when at the 1681 Diet of Sopron the settlement was designated by name (articulariter), so that Lutherans could practice their religion there, under strict conditions, but still with limited rights. At that time, the mother church of Nemesker had 32 parishes and more than 3,000 adherents. In the meantime, Nemeskér had become the site of the county assemblies, and the largely Catholic nobility of the county did not care that the village did not have its own church. In 1732, their demands led to the Lutheran congregation being deprived of its church, rectory and school. In exchange, they gave the Evangelicals an empty plot of land on which they were allowed to build a new prayer house (oratory, not church), parish and school.
The work was carried out jointly by the parishioners of the 32 parishes belonging to the mother church, so construction progressed very quickly (according to popular tradition, the building was completed in two months, but it is more likely that it took six months to build). They needed a building that could accommodate thousands of worshippers, so they tried to build the largest possible church in the area.
The evangelicals were under strict instructions that the building could not be church-like: its roof could not rise above the row of houses, it could not have a circular apse, its doors and windows could not have arches, and its entrance could not be from the street. The shape of the building had to be in the form of a granarium. The exterior of the church had to conform to the constraints, so it could not be special, but the interior decoration had to be of unique value. As already described, the building is in the form of a granarium. The two longitudinal walls have five pairs of windows arranged one above the other (the originally small, strictly rectangular windows were enlarged in 1862). The windows in the upper row provide natural light for the 'U' shaped, enclosed parapet. The low, longitudinal architraves, which define the interior of the whole building, are supported by six or six iron wooden columns, together with the timber trusses.
The interior design of the church was guided by simplicity and practicality. Among its furnishings, the pulpit altar in front of the north wall stands out, which is one of the oldest surviving pulpit altars in Hungary. In the Lutheran liturgy, where the communion and the sermon were considered the most important elements of the service, the altar and the pulpit played a central role. The first pulpit altars were formed by assembling the old altar and pulpit, usually by raising the pulpit basket above the rentabulum so that the altarpiece could be seen. The Nobles church pulpit altar was also assembled from two different parts. The altar, made of pine wood with pink and blue marbling and a simple design, was made locally.
The centre of the altar wall is filled with an oil painting of the Last Supper. The altar wall and the altar table are separated by a predella with biblical quotations.
The pulpit, with its fine carvings and beautiful artistic workmanship, is a harmonious whole, and was probably a gift from one of the German sister churches to the members of the congregation in Nemesker. The late Renaissance, early Baroque style pulpit was probably made in the early 17th century. The pulpit is made of lime wood and is supported by a column, its decoration is completely hidden by the altar wall, but the pastor preaching from the pulpit could be heard and seen from the pulpit. On the four sides of the pulpit basket, in semicircular niches, are the figures of the four evangelists - John, Luke, Mark and Matthew - with their attributes.
In 1743 a tower was begun to be added to the church, but when it was half finished the authorities stopped the work and it was not completed until 1862. By 1913, the church had fallen into such a state of disrepair that it was decided to demolish it rather than renovate it. The money raised for the new church was taken away by the First World War, so the church was preserved for posterity.
St László Catholic Church
According to an old tradition, in 1358 a member of the Osl clan donated 178 acres of land to the Abbey of Marcoville, which led to the construction of the monastery of the Order of St. Augustine. Probably due to the various struggles of the Kanizsa people or perhaps the Turks, marching towards Vienna in 1532, ravaged the monastery. Its stones were used to build the church of Horpac in 1631. But it also went to the construction of the church of St. Michael in Nemesker. Oral tradition has it that when the wagon loaded with the seventh stone in the row broke, Madame Kanizsain said: "-This is a divine sign, a church must be built here."
This chapel was the first Lutheran church in Nemeskér. A small bell in the tower was cast by Herold Boldizsár of Vienna in 1655. It cracked over time and was recast in 1973 during the renovation in 1972 (Dr András Rábai)
Preachers appeared between 1535-66
In 1673-74 Pál Széchenyi, as the county's bailiff, had his men take the church back to the Catholics.
In 1683, in the movement of Thököly, the church was again given to the New Believers
In 1690 a county assembly was held in the church
In 1732, the Protestants were ordered to build a new church, and they took advantage of this opportunity.
The Catholics, who thus obtained a church, named it after St. Lazarus instead of the older patron saint St. Michael, and consecrated it in the first weeks of 1732.
The church was renovated and enlarged in 1739.
The Catholic population of the village was not very wealthy, so the church, built in Romanesque Baroque style, was quite simple. Its nave consists of 3 transept sections, with free straps starting from moulded chaptered pilasters.
The sanctuary is composed of a similar section and ends with 3 sides of an octagon.
The vaulting is started by 3 drawers. The choir loft is carried by a large dome. It is faced by a completely simple oriel façade, the base of the tower is cross-vaulted, with an 8-sided helmet, with the old wrought iron cross. In 1945, during the war, this tower was demolished and rebuilt in 1947.
The exterior of the church is also very simple.
Latin inscription above the entrance:" The noble community, with the help of a solitary, expanded and enriched, has been revived. Ladislaus O.P. N. : Pray for us".
The tabernacle of the high altar, decorated with simple scrolls, has the crucifix on its door. The superstructure is rococo ornate with the eye of the Lord in the closing pediment. On the side is a small wooden figure of St Stephen and Imre.
The altarpiece depicts Saint Lazarus drawing water from the rock. His figure is handsome, even on horseback a head taller than his contemporaries. His life story is pervaded by religiousness, and we can see that although his grandfather, St Stephen, was blinded by St Stephen because he tried to kill him, he transcended this and followed in the footsteps of St Stephen, continuing his work of conversion.
The pulpit is angular in plan, with allegorical figures on its parapet, hope and love personified by a figure of faith on the sounding board.
The statue of Our Lady is of unknown origin and is made of wood. St Anthony and St Teresa are plaster statues. The painting of the Three Kings is also of unknown origin.
The painting of Moses: also found during the 1973 renovation, with a marble tablet underneath:
"On this church, which was occupied by heretics during the Turkish and Thököly movements, the papacy of Clement XII, and the reign of the German Emperor Charles I and King of Hungary, the bishopric of Győr of Cardinal Philip Count Zinzendorf, the Duke of the German Empire, Antal Pál Eszterházy of the German Empire, T. The real and hereditary archbishopric of Sopron, the deputy archbishopric of János Eszterházy, who was zealous for the ancient faith, and the vice-bishopric of Sopron of this respected János Zeke, were happily reclaimed by the Catholics by royal decree after 5 decades.
When also János Grácol, our archpastor of Győr, was general vicar, he consecrated it again, on a Thursday, the feast of St. Peter of Nola, the last day of January."
The crypt is accessible through a small window. It was closed during the last renovation. It was once a burial place and a gateway to the castle.
Sculptures:
St. Anne with the Child Mary was placed behind the church.
It dates from 1796 and was originally placed in front of the county house.In 1973 it was moved to this churchyard. The statue of Christ was erected by a local miller's family in gratitude to the pandours whom have they beean robbed by, for the reason that at least their lives had not been taken.
Other points of interest:
The old County Hall still stands in the centre of the village with its metre-thick walls and vaulted halls. It was built in 1669. At the beginning of the 20th century, the dwellings of the porters and the cellars underneath were demolished, leaving only the columns of the stone gate and the stone statue of St John Nepomuk in the habit of a bishop. Between 1971 and 1973, archaeological research established that it is probable that the
The remains of an Var-era iron foundry were discovered on the outskirts of the village. Significantly, a smelting furnace of a different type from the two known domestic blast furnaces was found at Nemeskér. The smelting furnaces here were not in workshop pits. At the edge of a 30 cm diameter sooty, barely deepened furnace bottom (basin), 10 cm wide curved pieces of blast furnace wall were standing in a semicircle. Type: High-construction, free-standing clay ovens. In the occupation period, a group from the Kér tribe was brought here to act as smelters and supply the tribal armed men with iron. Although only five iron-smelting furnaces, three forges and five charcoal-burning kilns have been excavated, the size of the debris pile suggests that hundreds of smelting furnaces still lie underground. One of these is in the Sopron Mining Museum.
Géza Gárdonyi came from here, through his father. His ancestors, the Zieglers, immigrated sometime around the time of the Reformation. His grandparents lived here in Nemeskér, his grandfather was a master locksmith.
The first written mention of the settlement dates back to 1237. The settlement covers an area of 6,42 km2 and has 212 inhabitants.
Route planning
It owes its origin to one of the 9 Hungarian tribes, the Kér clan. The village of Nemeskér was first mentioned in written sources in 1237 as Quer. In 1264 it appears as Keer. In the 1380s it is referred to as Pusztakér. In the Middle Ages, several landowners, including the Kéri and later the Osl families, acquired land here. Through the latter, the monks of the Order of St. Augustine become the owners of the village and its dwellings. Later, in the midst of the Kanizsay and later the Nádasdy estates, the life of the village, which was located in the centre of the estate, Sárvár, was determined by the lords of the village, who had small estates in the village. The Turkish occupation caused the total destruction of the village between 1529 and 1532. From the 16th and 17th centuries Nemeskér was a small noble village. At the time of the Reformation, the village also became evangelical, but did not become a parish in its own right. In 1596 the village has its own preacher. From 1643 Ferenc Nádasdy becomes a Catholic. Evangelical Bishop Gergely Musay flees here and works here until 1664. From 1651 to 1786 Nemeskér was the seat of Sopron County. It was declared an articular place by the Diet of 1681, which meant freedom of worship for the Evangelicals. Soon afterwards, the church where the Evangelicals attended was taken away by the lords of the duchy, but in 1732 permission was granted to build a new church. In 1796, a statue of St John Nepomuk was erected near the gate of the outbuilding leading to the duchy hall, as the patron saint of bridges and entrances. By a decree of toleration of Joseph II, all denominations were given freedom of worship, thus ending the days of the Articularist movement. The duchy also moved back to Sopron. The Napoleonic wars affected the town. The French armies occupied Sopron for half a year. During this period, the villages provided the troops with food and shelter. During this time, many families of German origin and descent immigrated to the village. These families were engaged in a wide variety of crafts in the settlement. There were furriers, milliners, carpenters from the Burgenland, and bootmaking was also widespread. The village boundaries were small, and agriculture was the only way to make a living. The 1848 period demanded a huge sacrifice from the village. There were terrible epidemics that took people away en masse. The Croatian soldiers on the Austrian side of the border once robbed the Lutheran church during the raids. A new Lutheran school was built in 1856 and a new Catholic school in 1905. Pál Nemeskéri Kiss and later József Inkey were the last landlords. In 1862 a tower was built to the Lutheran church. In the age of capitalism, the former noble village gradually became a village of small-scale industrialists, with peasant farms mainly devoted to animal husbandry. In 1930 there were 42 industries in the village inhabited by 620 people.
After the Second World War, the fate of the small villages could not be avoided: zoning. It formed a joint council with Lövő, and after the change of regime Nemeskér became an independent municipality. After the turn of the millennium, it formed a district council with Lövő and Völcsej, due to the economic situation, which forced it to rationalise. The Council of Representatives wants to remedy the infrastructural deficiencies in order to increase the population retention of the village. This has solved the problem of the piped gas supply, which is provided by ÉGÁZ Rt. Unfortunately, the construction of the sewerage system was delayed due to financial constraints. This is planned to be solved in the near future.
The Evangelical Church of Nemeskér
The building is unique not only because of its interior decoration, which is unique in Hungarian wooden architecture, but also because it is a document of the period of religious persecution and a good opportunity to learn more about the years of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation.
The Catholic inhabitants of Nemeskér converted to Lutheranism very early on, around 1535, following the beliefs of their landlord, Thomas Nádasdy. They did not change churches, as the entire population of the settlement had converted to the new faith, so they continued to use the former Catholic church (chapel) dedicated to St. Michael, built around 1500. Nemeskér became of national importance after a decade of religious persecution, when at the 1681 Diet of Sopron the settlement was designated by name (articulariter), so that Lutherans could practice their religion there, under strict conditions, but still with limited rights. At that time, the mother church of Nemesker had 32 parishes and more than 3,000 adherents. In the meantime, Nemeskér had become the site of the county assemblies, and the largely Catholic nobility of the county did not care that the village did not have its own church. In 1732, their demands led to the Lutheran congregation being deprived of its church, rectory and school. In exchange, they gave the Evangelicals an empty plot of land on which they were allowed to build a new prayer house (oratory, not church), parish and school.
The work was carried out jointly by the parishioners of the 32 parishes belonging to the mother church, so construction progressed very quickly (according to popular tradition, the building was completed in two months, but it is more likely that it took six months to build). They needed a building that could accommodate thousands of worshippers, so they tried to build the largest possible church in the area.
The evangelicals were under strict instructions that the building could not be church-like: its roof could not rise above the row of houses, it could not have a circular apse, its doors and windows could not have arches, and its entrance could not be from the street. The shape of the building had to be in the form of a granarium. The exterior of the church had to conform to the constraints, so it could not be special, but the interior decoration had to be of unique value. As already described, the building is in the form of a granarium. The two longitudinal walls have five pairs of windows arranged one above the other (the originally small, strictly rectangular windows were enlarged in 1862). The windows in the upper row provide natural light for the 'U' shaped, enclosed parapet. The low, longitudinal architraves, which define the interior of the whole building, are supported by six or six iron wooden columns, together with the timber trusses.
The interior design of the church was guided by simplicity and practicality. Among its furnishings, the pulpit altar in front of the north wall stands out, which is one of the oldest surviving pulpit altars in Hungary. In the Lutheran liturgy, where the communion and the sermon were considered the most important elements of the service, the altar and the pulpit played a central role. The first pulpit altars were formed by assembling the old altar and pulpit, usually by raising the pulpit basket above the rentabulum so that the altarpiece could be seen. The Nobles church pulpit altar was also assembled from two different parts. The altar, made of pine wood with pink and blue marbling and a simple design, was made locally.
The centre of the altar wall is filled with an oil painting of the Last Supper. The altar wall and the altar table are separated by a predella with biblical quotations.
The pulpit, with its fine carvings and beautiful artistic workmanship, is a harmonious whole, and was probably a gift from one of the German sister churches to the members of the congregation in Nemesker. The late Renaissance, early Baroque style pulpit was probably made in the early 17th century. The pulpit is made of lime wood and is supported by a column, its decoration is completely hidden by the altar wall, but the pastor preaching from the pulpit could be heard and seen from the pulpit. On the four sides of the pulpit basket, in semicircular niches, are the figures of the four evangelists - John, Luke, Mark and Matthew - with their attributes.
In 1743 a tower was begun to be added to the church, but when it was half finished the authorities stopped the work and it was not completed until 1862. By 1913, the church had fallen into such a state of disrepair that it was decided to demolish it rather than renovate it. The money raised for the new church was taken away by the First World War, so the church was preserved for posterity.
St László Catholic Church
According to an old tradition, in 1358 a member of the Osl clan donated 178 acres of land to the Abbey of Marcoville, which led to the construction of the monastery of the Order of St. Augustine. Probably due to the various struggles of the Kanizsa people or perhaps the Turks, marching towards Vienna in 1532, ravaged the monastery. Its stones were used to build the church of Horpac in 1631. But it also went to the construction of the church of St. Michael in Nemesker. Oral tradition has it that when the wagon loaded with the seventh stone in the row broke, Madame Kanizsain said: "-This is a divine sign, a church must be built here."
This chapel was the first Lutheran church in Nemeskér. A small bell in the tower was cast by Herold Boldizsár of Vienna in 1655. It cracked over time and was recast in 1973 during the renovation in 1972 (Dr András Rábai)
Preachers appeared between 1535-66
In 1673-74 Pál Széchenyi, as the county's bailiff, had his men take the church back to the Catholics.
In 1683, in the movement of Thököly, the church was again given to the New Believers
In 1690 a county assembly was held in the church
In 1732, the Protestants were ordered to build a new church, and they took advantage of this opportunity.
The Catholics, who thus obtained a church, named it after St. Lazarus instead of the older patron saint St. Michael, and consecrated it in the first weeks of 1732.
The church was renovated and enlarged in 1739.
The Catholic population of the village was not very wealthy, so the church, built in Romanesque Baroque style, was quite simple. Its nave consists of 3 transept sections, with free straps starting from moulded chaptered pilasters.
The sanctuary is composed of a similar section and ends with 3 sides of an octagon.
The vaulting is started by 3 drawers. The choir loft is carried by a large dome. It is faced by a completely simple oriel façade, the base of the tower is cross-vaulted, with an 8-sided helmet, with the old wrought iron cross. In 1945, during the war, this tower was demolished and rebuilt in 1947.
The exterior of the church is also very simple.
Latin inscription above the entrance:" The noble community, with the help of a solitary, expanded and enriched, has been revived. Ladislaus O.P. N. : Pray for us".
The tabernacle of the high altar, decorated with simple scrolls, has the crucifix on its door. The superstructure is rococo ornate with the eye of the Lord in the closing pediment. On the side is a small wooden figure of St Stephen and Imre.
The altarpiece depicts Saint Lazarus drawing water from the rock. His figure is handsome, even on horseback a head taller than his contemporaries. His life story is pervaded by religiousness, and we can see that although his grandfather, St Stephen, was blinded by St Stephen because he tried to kill him, he transcended this and followed in the footsteps of St Stephen, continuing his work of conversion.
The pulpit is angular in plan, with allegorical figures on its parapet, hope and love personified by a figure of faith on the sounding board.
The statue of Our Lady is of unknown origin and is made of wood. St Anthony and St Teresa are plaster statues. The painting of the Three Kings is also of unknown origin.
The painting of Moses: also found during the 1973 renovation, with a marble tablet underneath:
"On this church, which was occupied by heretics during the Turkish and Thököly movements, the papacy of Clement XII, and the reign of the German Emperor Charles I and King of Hungary, the bishopric of Győr of Cardinal Philip Count Zinzendorf, the Duke of the German Empire, Antal Pál Eszterházy of the German Empire, T. The real and hereditary archbishopric of Sopron, the deputy archbishopric of János Eszterházy, who was zealous for the ancient faith, and the vice-bishopric of Sopron of this respected János Zeke, were happily reclaimed by the Catholics by royal decree after 5 decades.
When also János Grácol, our archpastor of Győr, was general vicar, he consecrated it again, on a Thursday, the feast of St. Peter of Nola, the last day of January."
The crypt is accessible through a small window. It was closed during the last renovation. It was once a burial place and a gateway to the castle.
Sculptures:
St. Anne with the Child Mary was placed behind the church.
It dates from 1796 and was originally placed in front of the county house.In 1973 it was moved to this churchyard. The statue of Christ was erected by a local miller's family in gratitude to the pandours whom have they beean robbed by, for the reason that at least their lives had not been taken.
Other points of interest:
The old County Hall still stands in the centre of the village with its metre-thick walls and vaulted halls. It was built in 1669. At the beginning of the 20th century, the dwellings of the porters and the cellars underneath were demolished, leaving only the columns of the stone gate and the stone statue of St John Nepomuk in the habit of a bishop. Between 1971 and 1973, archaeological research established that it is probable that the
The remains of an Var-era iron foundry were discovered on the outskirts of the village. Significantly, a smelting furnace of a different type from the two known domestic blast furnaces was found at Nemeskér. The smelting furnaces here were not in workshop pits. At the edge of a 30 cm diameter sooty, barely deepened furnace bottom (basin), 10 cm wide curved pieces of blast furnace wall were standing in a semicircle. Type: High-construction, free-standing clay ovens. In the occupation period, a group from the Kér tribe was brought here to act as smelters and supply the tribal armed men with iron. Although only five iron-smelting furnaces, three forges and five charcoal-burning kilns have been excavated, the size of the debris pile suggests that hundreds of smelting furnaces still lie underground. One of these is in the Sopron Mining Museum.
Géza Gárdonyi came from here, through his father. His ancestors, the Zieglers, immigrated sometime around the time of the Reformation. His grandparents lived here in Nemeskér, his grandfather was a master locksmith.